Heavy metals pollution indexing, geospatial and statistical approaches of groundwater within Challawa and Sharada industrial areas, Kano City, North-Western Nigeria

Abstract The present study focused on pollution status of groundwater in the industrial areas Challawa and Sharada Kano city based indices, statistical spatial analyses. Twenty samples representing studied (Ten from each area) were analyzed for presence Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. result showed 95%, 5%, 60%, 15% 25% water had detectable above drinking limits both Nigerian standards quality NSDWQ World Health Organization (WHO) with Cd dominating other heavy metals groundwater. Evaluation metal revealed a low polluted contaminant index (C d ), synthetic index, evaluation index. Metal categorized as seriously polluted. gave strong positive correlations between indices moderate one metallic ions. Component analysis strongly loading Ni while negative loading. Cr moderately loaded. Statistical analyses suggested anthropogenic geogenic sources mainly agricultural practices rock weathering processes, respectively. This is expected to be useful tool planning, monitoring mitigation activities area. Article Highlights respect was investigated industrials zones Nigeria concentration determined AAS Different Pollution HPI, HEI, SPI, C MI utilized area low, medium highly Spatial temporal distribution maps demarcated concentrations computed CA, PCA, HCA used identified geochemistry, relationship, origin high-risk terms toxic status.